CITIES
Periyar was critical of Tamil, he also rationalised it | Chennai News – The Times of India

The Tamil Nadu govt’s decision to use the Tamil letter ‘roo’ instead of ‘`’ as the rupee symbol has not only sparked controversy within the state and at the Centre, but it has also thrust E V R Periyar back into the spotlight. Following Stalin’s March 13 announcement, Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, addressing Parliament, accused the DMK of hypocrisy for venerating Periyar “who called the Tamil language barbaric,” while DMK leaders, including MP Kanimozhi, fought back with an explanation of the context behind the social reformer’s remark.
It has become a pattern for anti-Periyar groups to selectively highlight Periyar’s criticism whenever debates on issues such as the three-language policy crop up. While it is true that Periyar made such a statement, the context and reasoning behind it are often overlooked or misunderstood. Periyar believed that if a language “wields god-like status,” it means it “needs reform.” Though Periyar criticised Tamil, he continued to write and converse in it and even worked to improve it. Citing Tamil’s insufficiencies, Periyar advocated the adoption of English while admitting he was not a scholar in either language. He also proposed several reforms to the Tamil script and vocabulary, implementing them in ‘Kudi Arasu,’ the magazine he founded in May 1925.
Tamil scholars initially derided his attempts, but over time, mainstream Tamil media adopted his reforms. Media scholar Robin Jeffrey said in 1997 that successful newspapers in Tamil Nadu from the 1940s emerged from different strata of society, adopting new styles and techniques to draw in readers. One of the styles non-brahmin periodicals adopted was doing away with Sanskritised Tamil conversations. The anti-brahmin movement of the 1920s encouraged people from non-brahmin communities to launch publications, which shook up the vernacular journalism scene dominated by brahmins. Among the earliest of the non-brahminical magazines was ‘Kudi Arasu,’ which published articles on a range of topics, including atheism. Despite its impact, the magazine met with a premature end in 1949.
However, Periyar’s articles in the magazine were later compiled into books, many of which became bestsellers. “At the time, Tamil periodicals had Sanskritised names such as ‘Desopakari,’ ‘Desabhimani,’ ‘Jananukulan,’ ‘Sudesabhimani,’ and ‘Swadesamithran,’ as they were run by brahmins. It was in this context that Periyar launched ‘Kudi Arasu’ (Tamil for ‘Republic’), a magazine that truly represented Tamils,” says K Ravi Bharathi, orator and member of Dravidar Viduthalai Kazhagam, a social movement and splinter group of Periyar’s Dravidar Kazhagam. “When ‘Kudi Arasu’ was launched, ‘Swadesamithran,’ the first Tamil daily, lost 2,000 readers to it.”
‘Kudi Arasu’ was published as a weekly from 1925 to 1949, with a two-year hiatus between 1933 and 1935 due to British censorship. Though there were magazines before it that touched upon progressive ideas, ‘Kudi Arasu’ is considered the pioneering magazine of the Dravidian movement, as it was the first to popularise the concept of social justice. Periyar began talking about Tamil alphabet reforms in 1934. After ‘Kudi Arasu’ was suspended in 1933, he founded ‘Pagutharivu,’ the magazine where he introduced suggestions for Tamil script reforms. When ‘Kudi Arasu’ was revived in 1935, Periyar implemented these changes, beginning with the issue dated January 13.
Periyar focused on the shapes of graphemes (the smallest meaningful unit in a writing system), which made Tamil script easier to write, type, and print, says S V Shanmugam, professor at the Centre of Advanced Study in Linguistics, Annamalai University, in his book ‘Aspects of Language Development in Tamil.’ “Though the reform is oriented towards mechanical efficiency, it also increases pedagogical efficiency.”
In 1936, Periyar spoke about these reforms at Kumbakonam Govt College and Chennai’s Pachaiyappa’s College, in his lectures ‘Language’ and ‘Letter.’ Periyar said the Tamil vowels ‘Ai’ and ‘Au’ ought to be removed since they were used as diphthongs (a single-syllable sound formed by combining two vowel sounds). The Tamil script has 247 letters, of which he felt 38 were redundant. “We can talk, write, and read any word without these 38 letters. And it would not change the pronunciation or meaning,” said Periyar. Instead, he introduced 13 restructured Tamil letters in ‘Kudi Arasu.’ In 1978, Periyar’s birth centenary, the Tamil Nadu govt issued an order stating that his set of 13 letters would be officially adopted. The change was immediately implemented in the Tamil daily ‘Dinamani.’
“In March 1995, the state govt allowed changes in the Tamil typewriter keyboard,” writes V C Kulandaiswamy, former vice-chancellor, Anna University, in his book ‘Tamil Ezhuthu Seeramaipu.’ “Back then, the symbols for addition, multiplication, division, equal to, semicolon, and colon were not found in the Tamil typewriter, because of space constraints. With Periyar’s changes, these symbols were added, and the changes implemented in 1997.”
Though the administration and public slowly accepted the changes, academicians were reluctant, worrying that the elimination of letters such as ‘ai’ and ‘au’ would make it difficult for future generations to read ancient Tamil texts. As a result, these letters are still taught in schools. “Periyar’s suggestions will make it easier to teach children the language,” says teacher Tamil Aasaan. “There is more in the language that can be reformed. I say this as a teacher and lifelong student of Tamil,” says Aasaan, who prefixed Tamil to his name because of his passion for the language.
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CITIES
Karnataka HC clears BBMP engineer of inaction charges, says he followed tribunal order | Bengaluru News – The Times of India
BENGALURU: An officer of the state is required to abide by the orders of courts and tribunals. If there is an order from such a court or tribunal restraining the officer from performing any particular action, the non-performance thereof cannot be said to be a dereliction of duty, the Karnataka High Court has observed in a recent order.
Justice Suraj Govindaraj made this observation while quashing the order of entrustment of enquiry to Upa Lokayukta in March 2016 and the charge sheet issued against petitioner BC Sandeep, an Assistant Engineer with the BBMP, in July 2016.
The case against the petitioner was that in 2013, he, along with other officials of the BBMP, failed to take action against an unauthorised construction in 7th Cross, Jayanagar 1st Block, in terms of the Karnataka Municipal Corporation Act, despite the issuance of provisional and confirmatory orders in 2013.
Though his name was in the promotion list, it was not considered, citing a pending enquiry taken up suo motu by the Lokayukta.
Challenging the orders issued against him, Sandeep argued that during the three years he worked, there was an interim order of status quo issued by the Karnataka Appellate Tribunal on November 25, 2013, based on an appeal filed by the owner of the said property.
Hence, he and his superiors could not take any further action vis-a-vis the unauthorised construction/deviation in the subject property. He further claimed that he is duty-bound to follow the orders issued by the courts/tribunals as an official.
On the other hand, the Lokayukta argued that the proceedings against the petitioner needed to be continued as no action was initiated in the matter when violations were noticed.
After perusing the materials on record, Justice Suraj Govindaraj noted that both on the date of entrustment of the enquiry to Upa Lokayukta and on the date of issuance of the charge sheet, the interim order of the KAT was in operation. Hence, the petitioner could not take further action in pursuance of the confirmation order issued under Section 321(3) of the KMC Act, and the same cannot be held against him.
Quashing the proceedings against the petitioner, the judge clarified that the court has not expressed any opinion regarding the other seven persons against whom a charge sheet has been filed.
CITIES
Korean Cultural Centre India Hosts Enriching Event for Underprivileged Children | – The Times of India
As part of its ongoing efforts to bring Korean culture closer to underprivileged children in India, the Korean Cultural Centre India (KCCI) recently hosted a special event for 50 children from Chehel, a Delhi-based NGO. The children, aged between 5 and 15, were treated to a day filled with cultural activities at the KCCI. The experience included trying traditional Korean dishes, wearing the Hanbok (Korean traditional dress), and enjoying Korean games like Jegi, Tuho, and the Stone Tower game. They also visited exhibitions on K-content and webtoons and enjoyed a vibrant Samulnori performance — a Korean percussion music tradition. A Taekwondo demonstration added energy to the event, with children even trying out a few moves themselves.
A major highlight of the programme was a live performance of the Korean folktale Sim Cheong, presented by Indian artists from Theatre I Entertainment Trust. The story, centred on a young girl’s devotion to her blind father, was well received by the children.
Over the past two years, this theatre group has performed Korean folktales at 12 schools across India, reaching more than 2,600 students. They have also staged a musical based on the tale of Queen Heo.
Speaking about their experience of the event, 14-year-old Aradhana said, “This is the first time I’ve witnessed such a cultural performance. Sim Cheong’s courage and love for her father was truly touching.” It was not only the students who enjoyed the performance, but also the volunteers of the Delhi-based NGO. Santosh Kumar, one of the volunteers said, “It is rare for underprivileged children to have the opportunity to gain such holistic experience of a culture that is different from their own. The various activities planned over here made this entire experience very meaningful and diverse.”
Hwang Il Yong, Director of the Korean Cultural Center in India, said, “Rather than offering a one-time material support, we felt our role was to enrich students’ cultural and artistic literacy through education and immersive content. It was truly rewarding to see the joy on the faces of the children and volunteers. I hope this event will provide more opportunities for Indian students to experience Korean culture reimagined through their own lens.”
CITIES
‘Your voice is anyway too loud’: Asaduddin Owaisi says Kiren Rijiju ‘joked’ about excluding smaller parties from Pahalgam meet | Hyderabad News – The Times of India
NEW DELHI: AIMIM chief Asaduddin Owaisi on Thursday appealed to Prime Minister Narendra Modi to extend invitations to all political parties, regardless of their strength in Parliament, for the upcoming all-party meeting on the Pahalgam terror attack.
In a social media post, the Hyderabad MP revealed that he had spoken to Union Minister of Parliamentary Affairs Kiren Rijiju on Wednesday night. According to Owaisi, Rijiju indicated that the NDA government was considering inviting only parties with “five or 10 MPs” to the meeting.
Owaisi further stated that when he questioned why parties with fewer MPs weren’t being included, the minister responded that the meeting could become “too long” and “joked” that AIMIM leaders’ “voice is anyway, too loud”.
“Your own party (BJP) does not have a majority. Whether it is a party with 1 MP or a 100, they were both elected by Indians and deserve to be heard on such an important matter. This is not a political issue, it is a national issue. Everyone must be heard. I urge Narendra Modi to make this a real ALL Party Meeting, every party with an MP in Parliament must be invited,” Owaisi said in his post.
The Centre is scheduled to hold an all-party meeting on Thursday evening, where leaders from various political outfits will be briefed on the terror attack and given the opportunity to share their views.
Defence minister Rajnath Singh is expected to chair the meeting, while both he and Home Minister Amit Shah will provide a detailed briefing, according to official sources.
Emphasising the importance of inclusivity in matters of national security, Owaisi said, “It is not a BJP’s or another party’s internal meeting, but an all-party meeting to send a strong and united message against terrorism and those countries that harbour terrorists.”
He added, “Can’t Narendra Modi spend an extra hour to hear the concerns of all parties?”
The Pahalgam terror attack
In the most brutal terror attack in Jammu & Kashmir since Article 370 was revoked in 2019, at least 28 tourists were killed and many more injured on Tuesday afternoon.
The Resistance Front (TRF), a Pakistan-sponsored offshoot of the banned terror outfit Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), has claimed responsibility for the assault. According to eyewitnesses, six suspected foreign militants disguised in Indian Army uniforms carried out the ambush around 1:30 pm. Survivors said the attackers asked people to recite Islamic verses before shooting them at point-blank range, indicating they selected their targets based on religious identity.
The attack coincided with high-level diplomatic engagements—US Vice-President JD Vance arrived in India the same day for a four-day official visit, while Prime Minister Narendra Modi was in Saudi Arabia to strengthen bilateral ties with the Gulf kingdom.
Adding to the already tense backdrop, Pakistan Army chief General Asim Munir had recently delivered a provocative speech, further straining relations between the two nations.
Security experts believe the timing of the attack was calculated to draw international attention and depict Kashmir as a volatile conflict zone that demands global intervention.
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