Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a long-term condition that affects the brain and spinal cord. It can cause a wide range of symptoms, such as difficulty in walking, muscle weakness, vision problems, and fatigue. MS is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the covering of nerve fibres, known as myelin.
Unfortunately, MS often targets younger individuals, most commonly between the ages of 20 and 40. It is also more common in women than in men. While MS can bring significant challenges, advancements in medicine and early diagnosis have made managing the condition easier, allowing many people to live active and fulfilling lives.
The exact cause of multiple sclerosis (MS) is unknown, but several factors may increase the risk. Genetics play a role, as having a family history of MS slightly raises the likelihood of getting it. Environmental factors like lack of sunlight resulting in low vitamin D levels, along with viral infections such as Epstein-Barr virus, are linked to a higher risk.
Common symptoms of MS
MS symptoms vary from person to person, but some of the most common include: blurry vision or double vision; problems with memory, concentration, or thinking clearly; trouble controlling the bladder or bowels; numbness or tingling, usually in the arms, legs, or face; muscle weakness or difficulty with balance and coordination and fatigue that doesn’t improve with rest.
Diagnosis and treatment of MS
Early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is essential, because its symptoms can mimic other conditions, delaying treatment. Detecting MS early allows neurologists to start therapies that slow disease progression and improve outcomes. Diagnosis involves reviewing medical history, conducting physical exams, and using tests like MRI scans to detect brain and spinal cord damage, lumbar punctures to identify specific markers in spinal fluid, and nerve tests to assess nerve function.
Recent advancements in treatment have significantly improved patient outcomes. Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) reduce flare-ups and slow progression, while experimental stem cell therapy aims to reset the immune system and repair damage.
New oral medications offer convenience over injections, and physical therapyenhances mobility. Advanced assistive devices and smart technologies also help individuals maintain independence, improving their quality of life
Building awareness
Raising awareness about MS is crucial, especially since it affects young people. Maintaining an active lifestyle, eating a healthy diet, and following a personalised treatment plan can help manage symptoms effectively.
Though MS can bring challenges, medical advancements continue to improve the quality of life for those affected. With the right care and support, people with MS can lead fulfilling lives and stay engaged in activities they love.
(Dr. Venkatraman Karthikeayan is Consultant – Neurology, Kauvery Hospital Alwarpet, Chennai. dr.kvraman24@gmail.com)
Published – March 22, 2025 12:08 pm IST