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Why India Failed To Develop High-Speed Bullet Trains? Vande Bharat Architect Speaks Out

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Why India Failed To Develop High-Speed Bullet Trains? Vande Bharat Architect Speaks Out


The Indian Railways seems to be struggling with day-to-day management issues. Sleeper coaches have effectively turned into general coaches, with waitlisted passengers crowding out those with reserved tickets. The unreserved general coaches are currently no better than cattle wagons. Passengers frequently post videos on social media expressing their frustrations. The Maha Kumbh 2025 further highlighted these problems, as the railway system failed to efficiently handle the massive influx of passengers. Even those with reserved tickets, including First AC, Second AC, and Third AC, found it impossible to board their trains due to overcrowding from unreserved passengers. These viral videos on social media should serve as alarm bells to awaken officials from their complacency.

Ashwini Vaishnaw is an educated and experienced individual, but he has come under scrutiny from the opposition for his inability to deliver results on multiple fronts. On social media, he is often mocked as a ‘reel minister’ and has faced increasing criticism following various accidents. Opposition leaders have challenged him to name just one initiative or achievement that he has initiated and completed during his tenure. For example: As the minister, Vaishnaw does not seem to have focussed on improving safety measures and implementing the Kavach system, which could serve as a pivotal moment for him, feel experts.

While the Indian Railways and the Narendra Modi government are occupied with showcasing their achievements through the impressive Vande Bharat trains, Zee News interviewed Sudhanshu Mani, the former General Manager of ICF Chennai and the architect of the Vande Bharat trains. In this exclusive interview, Mani addressed various issues, discussing both the successes and failures of the Indian Railways. Excerpts:

On Vigilance Probe Against T-18 Project

There were people in the government, bureaucracy and politics who alleged corruption and a vigilance investigation was launched. They were jealous of the success of the project. Since there was no wrongdoing, we were sure that nothing at all would come out of the probe. Nevertheless, it did cause stress to the team members and me and while many of the members progressed in their careers eventually, there were some who suffered. It’s a painful story but it’s past now.

On Why India Lags In High-Speed Projects

There is no dearth of talent in India. The ICF team designed and delivered the 180kmph train (Vande Bharat) and it has been around for more than six years. We have not been able to make any technological improvement in that and are busy boasting about it. This will not do. We will have to improve step-wise and only then we can move forward. If we think that it’s a world-class train, then we are wrong. We made it and I am saying it’s near world-class, not yet world-class. We have talented people to do much better but there is a lack of committed leadership. If we work on it, we will move to 220-240kmph from 180kmph first and then one day India will make 320kmph train but it’s a stepwise process. We don’t have a leadership with freedom to act and then the fake vigilance case has also created fear among people who are capable of thinking and delivering out of the box by taking risks.  

On Rise In Train Accidents

We should go by data when it comes to train accidents. If you take into account serious accidents, 15 years ago, around 500-700 people used to die in train accidents annually. Now, this is around 25/30 on average if you keep the Balasore accident aside as an aberration in which 292 people were killed. The accidents have not increased but the reach of media and YouTubers has expanded so much that even a minor accident gets reported. The opposition’s discourse that accidents have increased is out of place. 

The government should come out and say that accidents have not increased but decreased and they should list out steps being taken to improve safety. However, the government is alleging sabotage and terror links, which they have not been able to prove even in one case. To reduce accidents, the Kavach system is important. They hyped it so much but are not able to implement execution as the coverage has not increased in the last four years. Moreover, it is very important today to employ use of Artificial Intelligence for warning systems to alert higher management on near-misses and should increase the pace of improvement of tracks.

Solution To End RAC, Waiting List

Last year, the government claimed that it would end the waiting list by 2027. But there is no strategy or roadmap. Leave aside ending the waiting list, the rush for unreserved passengers has increased manifolds and it seems there is no solution for it except making more non-AC coaches. They should increase the number of trains, length of trains, average speed of trains and number of tracks on saturated routes, only then it will be possible to end the waiting list. Then there is a speed differential between freight trains and passenger trains. It’s very high at present. They should increase the speed of freight trains as well. The sections are highly saturated at present and increasing the speed and improving the tracks are the only solutions to boost punctuality and efficiency. Only making granite and glass buildings at stations won’t help in achieving this fair objective.

Low-Cost AC Travel For Poor

Earlier there were talks that Railways would produce only AC trains. I liked the idea as I thought that they would enable everyone to travel in AC without increasing the fare somewhat like the Garib Rath Express concept. Today, the poor have less money, so allow them to travel in AC at a low cost and when India gets developed and they will have money, then charge them accordingly. However, it did not happen as they kept increasing the AC coaches and the number of non-AC coaches reduced. The government faced severe backlash. If the non-AC passengers don’t get seats, they will encroach on whatever seats are available, be it AC or others. This is what is happening at present. Now the railways are focusing more on non-AC coaches. This is also wrong. There should be a balanced approach. 

If today’s non-AC coaches run in ‘Vikasit Bharat’, well past 2047, it would be a shame. The government should make a clear decision to enable the poor to travel in AC with comfort and dignity. What the government can do is allow the poor to travel in AC coaches at a fare equal to or lower than that of Garib Rath. The railway is getting a lot of money and they can take some more losses from here and earn more from trains like Vande Bharat. People will pay more for higher-end trains if the railways manage to cut down on travel time by increasing the average speed of the Vande Bharat to 100-110 kmph from the current 70 to 90 kmph; the first Vande Bharat between Delhi and Varanasi still has the highest average speed at 96 kmph. They should take a balanced approach and the knee-jerk reactions won’t solve the problem.

On Overburdened Railway Staff

The railways can outsource the non-safety category vacancies but it should have full strength in safety category staff like loco-pilots, guards, station masters, points man and signal maintainers etc. There should not be any vacancy in the safety category as it will overburden the existing resources which is detrimental to safety.

On Improvement In Railways

The functioning of the railway administration is still very feudal. There is a valley of hierarchy between the administrators and their staff. This is not good for a modern organization. We are forgetting the good systems instituted by the Britishers for train operation and maintenance but are carrying ahead their bad legacies like this system of administration sans any empathy for those administered. There should be more empathy and that would bring a feeling of well-being among employees.



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Watch: Is Andaz Apna Apna still relevant? | FOMO Fix

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Watch: Is Andaz Apna Apna still relevant? | FOMO Fix


Watch: Is Andaz Apna Apna still relevant? | FOMO Fix

Film critics and buddies Raja Sen and Sudhish Kamath take a nostalgic deep-dive into Andaz Apna Apna, the cult comedy classic re-releasing in cinemas this week.

From crime master Gogo’s chaos to Salman’s scene-stealing comic timing, they debate whether the film still works today — or if it’s just a rose-tinted time capsule. Slapstick, spoof, or satirical gem? The verdict’s in.

Also on this episode:

TV Gold — The Last of Us Season 2 brings grief, gore, and gut punches. Is this still escape, or just emotional masochism?

Heads Up — Logout on Zee5 proves a one-actor thriller can still scroll deep.

KHAUF — Real horror hits home in Smita Singh’s harrowing hostel haunting.

Rewatch Alert — Andaz Apna Apna is back on the big screen. Go for the nostalgia, stay for the oranges gag.

Hit play, subscribe for more recs, and remember:

Sometimes the only escape is watching someone else lose it.

Script and editing: Sudhish Kamath

Sound: Ivan Avakian



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How an erstwhile princess is on a mission to revive Kishangarh miniatures

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How an erstwhile princess is on a mission to revive Kishangarh miniatures


Almond-shaped eyes, aquiline features, elongated faces with defined chins and noses, earthy tones, panoramic landscapes and stylised clouds — these are some of the things that set apart Kishangarh paintings from the other miniature traditions of India.

Drenched in bhakti and sringara rasas, these miniatures originated somewhere around the 17th Century in Kishangarh in Ajmer, Rajasthan. Rulers such as Raj Singh and Sawant Singh set up court ateliers led by Bhavanidas and Nihal Chand and patronised this art form. However, diminished patronage over the years has seen miniatures and traditional visual art forms relegated to the realm of handicraft.

From Vaishnavi Kumari’s Kishangarh Studio
| Photo Credit:
Courtesy: Kishangarh Studio

Centuries later, Vaishnavi Kumari, who traces her lineage to the erstwhile royal family of Kishangarh, has taken upon herself the task of reinventing the art form to suit the contemporary milieu. In 2010, she set up Studio Kishangarh, where she works with artists to create paintings that merged traditional aesthetics and modern sensibilities.

“We do acrylic on canvas, work on wasli (handmade) paper and take up landscape themes. We might take inspiration from a Pichwai painting and interpret it in our own way, using gold and silver embellishment. We recently had a show ‘Ishq Chaman’ based on the poetry of Raja Sawant Singh. The poem talks about devotion and we created allegorical paintings on love and devotion for god,” says Vaishnavi Kumari, the curator and founder of Studio Kishangarh.

Vaishnavi graduated from NIFT and pursued her Master’s in art history from SOAS University, London. “Middlemen buy unique haathi-ghoda paintings at very low prices from artists. These are sold as souvenirs. That set me thinking. In museums and auctions, you see work that is highly valued, and I wondered why we were not producing that kind of quality. Traditionally, a patron influenced the kind of work done in karkhanas (workshops). For example, you see hunting scenes in Kota paintings, because the ruler wanted those depictions. Nainsukh (1710-1778) painted most of his works for the local ruler Raja Balwant Singh of Jasrota in Himachal Pradesh. That encouraged me to set up an atelier and offer contemporary patronage,” says Vaishnavi.

A Kishangarh miniature

A Kishangarh miniature
| Photo Credit:
Courtesy: Kishangarh Studio

A couple’s rendezvous in a lush green garden against the picturesque backdrop of mountains, dense flora and fauna and a distinct blue sky is an aesthetic marvel, and a typical Kishangarh miniature. This style is also synonymous with Bani Thani — known as the Indian Mona Lisa, a combination of grace and beauty, supposedly painted by Nihal Chand, as instructed by then ruler Raja Sawant Singh. It is said that the Raja and Bani Thani were lovers, and they are the nayak and nayika in several paintings.

Among the most famous of Kishangarh paintings, ‘Boat of Love’, is on display at the National Museum, Delhi. Inspired by Raja Sawant Singh’s poem, the painting depicts three scenes featuring Radha and Krishna — atop a hill, crossing the river seated on a boat accompanied by attendants, and amid dense foliage.

Through her work in the atelier with her artists, Vaishnavi wants to educate people about the art tradition. “What you see is just the first layer which is the aesthetic — the women are beautiful, the figures so lyrical… but there is a deeper meaning. Bani Thani wasn’t just a beautiful woman. She was an accomplished poet and an amazing musician. Sufism and Haveli Sangeet were major influences at the time and we want the viewers to discover all these facets to these paintings. Raja Sawant Singh was a Bhakti poet and wrote in Rekhta, a precursor to the Hindustani dialect, among other languages, under the pen name of Nagari Das. A pushtimargi, belonging to the Vallabhacharya sect, he wrote devotional poetry for Krishna and Bani Thani,” she adds.

Kishangarh miniature

Kishangarh miniature
| Photo Credit:
Special Arrangement

Once Vaishnavi returned from London, she discovered many families that had been painting for generations. She brought together a few of them for two reasons — better livelihood opportunities and the chance to develop a unique aesthetic.

“We have a core group but we also work with other artists. When we started, we were doing handicrafts — we painted apparel. I explore a lot of media. Even though I give ideas, the exploration is by the artists. Also, each painting is the collective work of two or three artists — one does the basic drawing, the other adds the flora and fauna elements, the third might add an iconic element like the Kamadhenu. They enjoy working on a new visual vocabulary,” says Vaishnavi, who is trying to strike a balance between the old and the new.

Vaishnavi Kumari, who traces her lineage to the erstwhile royal family of Kishangarh, has taken upon herself the task of reinventing the art form to suit the contemporary milieu



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‘Firefly’ movie review: Vamshi’s debut is a visually experimental character study of a man fighting grief

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‘Firefly’ movie review: Vamshi’s debut is a visually experimental character study of a man fighting grief


Vamshi in ‘Firefly’.
| Photo Credit: Anand Audio/YouTube

How long does it take for us to overcome grief? The most sensible answer, perhaps, is that grief isn’t the same for everyone. For Vicky (Vamshi), in Firefly, the tragedy of losing his loved ones puts him through phases of denial, anger, depression, and acceptance.

Vicky returns to Mysuru from abroad for his cousin’s wedding, only to land up in a coma after a devastating incident that leaves him without a family. Post-recovery, he is hit by insomnia, which forces him to adopt many methods, ranging from sensible to outrageous, to find a solution.

ALSO READ:‘Yuddhakaanda Chapter 2’ movie review: Ajai Rao’s courtroom drama is a smartly made crowd pleaser

From binge eating to self-infliction of pain to trying to find reasons to smile, Vicky’s life becomes a series of coping mechanisms. Vamshi, who has also directed the film, opts for an unconventional manner to present his protagonist’s world. As a line from the trailer says, “When reality feels unbearable, the quest for peace becomes surreal.” 

Firefly (Kannada)

Director: Vamshi

Cast: Vamshi, Rachana Inder, Achyuth Kumar, Sudharani

Runtime: 135 minutes

Storyline: A melancholic, surreal journey of Vicky as he deals with life’s challenges and seeks the purpose of his life through bizarre adventures

The obvious Wes Anderson-esque mood of Firefly is one of its biggest strengths. Serious and emotional scenes have comforting and warm colours, the contrasting palettes you see in Anderson’s movies. Like in Anderson’s films, characters in Firefly are framed symmetrically in several scenes, creating a visual balance. The quirky set design is another hat tip to the The Grand Budapest Hotel filmmaker. 

Firefly is a character study of Vicky, and the 4:3 aspect ratio of the movie attempts to provide an intimate view of the protagonist’s journey. The film tries to create a vibe in every scene and tells its audience to overlook the logic of those moments. Cinematographer Abhilash Kalathi does well in making each frame appear interesting, a rare attempt in Kannada cinema in recent times. However, as with first-time filmmakers, Firefly is undone by the director’s indulgence. 

Firefly is luminous with creative shots, but this template had to be matched with memorable characters. In Rajkumar Hirani’s Munna Bhai MBBS, characters such as a terminally-ill patient (essayed by Jimmy Shergill) and a person in a paralysed state (called Anand bhai) tames Munna (Sanjay Dutt), a gangster who then begins to look at life with compassion. 

Vamshi in ‘Firefly’.

Vamshi in ‘Firefly’.
| Photo Credit:
Anand Audio/YouTube

In Firefly, when Vicky joins a self-help group, I expected the arrival of similarly moving characters who could change his outlook to life. Instead, the film opts for a low-hanging fruit. Vicky takes his first step towards change when he comes across the perseverance of small-town people handling economic hardships, an overworked trope in commercial films. The ultra-serious nature of this portion doesn’t fit well with the self-deprecating tone of the movie.

ALSO READ:‘Veera Chandrahasa’ movie review: Ravi Basrur’s film is a sincere ode to Yakshagana, but lacks cinematic zing

Firefly could have benefited from good humour and engaging conversations. The film has tepid drama thanks to Vicky’s flat conversations with his parents (Achyuth Kumar and Sudharani) and the girl he falls in love with at first sight (Rachana Inder). Even as Firefly breaks conventional visual grammar, supported by Charan Raj’s appealing music, I wished the film focused on small and beautiful moments, like the one where Vicky gets a photo frame of his parents and the scene in which the girl he loves asks him to live in the moment.

Vicky reminds you of Sid, who wakes up to love and life in Ayaan Mukerji’s 2009 Hindi film. Both struggle hard to become a man of purpose. In fact, Firefly is yet another coming-of-age tale at its core. The attempt to tell this tale of self-discovery in an unorthodox manner is commendableConsistent writing could have added depth to the film’s highly relatable core.

Firefly is currently running in theatres



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