Connect with us

INDIA

Why NEP has revived the language debate – The Times of India

Published

on

Why NEP has revived the language debate – The Times of India


While the Centre asserts that the policy promotes multi-lingualism, TN argues that it pressures non-Hindi-speaking states.

National Education Policy (NEP2020) and its three-language formula have reignited a longstanding debate, particularly between the Centre and Tamil Nadu, which has its roots in the language controversy that dates back to the 1960s when the state opposed “imposition of Hindi” as a compulsory language. While the Centre asserts that the policy promotes multi-lingualism, TN argues that it pressures non-Hindi-speaking states. The Times of India examines the history of the three language formula and allegations of Hindi imposition.
Evolution of three-language formula
The formula was first proposed by the Education Commission (1964-66), officially known as the Kothari Commission, and officially adopted in the National Policy on Education (NPE) 1968 under then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. It was reaffirmed in NPE 1986 under then PM Rajiv Gandhi and revised in 1992 by Narasimha Rao-led Congress govt to promote linguistic diversity and national unity.
The commission, chaired by physicist Dr Daulat Singh Kothari, recommended learning three languages:

  • Mother tongue or regional language
  • Official language of the Union
  • A modern Indian or European language, other than the first two

NPE 1968 mandated: At the secondary stage, the state govts should adopt… which includes the study of a modern Indian language, preferably one of the southern languages, apart from Hindi and English in the Hindi-speaking states, and of Hindi along with the regional language and English in the non-Hindi-speaking states.
NPE 1986 and its 1992 revision reinforced this policy, emphasising for “A general consensus among the states about the use of Hindi as link language seems necessary. The effective implementation of the three-language formula is also necessary to promote adequate level of proficiency in the use of Hindi among people”.
The 1992 policy observed: “The implementation of this part (three-language) of the 1968 Policy has, however, been uneven. The Policy will be implemented more energetically and purposefully.”
NEP 2020: Is Hindi being imposed?
No. In fact, NEP 2020 allows more flexibility while ensuring no specific language is imposed. It states: “The three-language formula will continue to be implemented while keeping in mind the constitutional provisions, the need to promote multi-lingualism as well as promote national unity. However, there will be greater flexibility, and no language will be imposed on any state.”
NEP 2020 maintains that “the three languages learned by children will be the choices of states, regions, and ofcourse the students themselves, so long as at least two of the three languages are native to India”. This ensures state autonomy while promoting linguistic diversity and national unity.
Why the focus on learning in mother tongue?
NEP 2020 cites global experience to argue that native language instruction improves understanding, preserves culture, and helps students perform better. “Children learn and grasp non-trivial concepts more quickly in their home language/mother tongue”.
Unesco supports this, stating in ‘Education in a Multilingual World’: “Mother tongue instruction is essential for initial instruction and literacy and should be extended to as late a stage in education as possible.”
National Curriculum Framework and language education
NCF has consistently supported the three-language formula:
NCF 2023: “The three-language formula should continue to be implemented while keeping in mind constitutional provisions, multilingualism, and national unity.”
NCF 2005: “The multilingual cha racter of Indian society should be seen as a resource for the enrichment of school life.”
NCF 2000: “The three-language formula, which is an outcome of a national consensus, needs to be implemented in its true spirit promoting multilingualism and national harmony.”
TN’s rejection
The state has historically opposed thethree-language formula. In 1937, C Rajagopalachari’s Congress govt introduced compulsory Hindi in schools, sparking widespread protests led by the Justice Party and Dravidian leaders like Periyar. The policy was revoked in 1940, but anti-Hindi sentiments grew post-independence.
When the three-language formula was introduced in 1968, TN rejected it, viewing it as Hindi imposition. Under chief minister C N Annadurai, the state adopted a two-language policy (Tamil and English). TN remains the only state that has never implemented the three-language formula, preferring English over Indian languages — Hindi as well as regional ones.
Fresh trigger
TN’s refusal to implement important features the NEP, chiefly, the three-language formula, has resulted in the Centre withholding the release of Rs 573 crore of central assistance for education under the Samgra Shiksha Abhiyan. Rules requires states to comply with NEP guidelines in order to access SSA funding of which 60%, in case of a state like TN, comes from the Centre.
Launched in 2018, Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan has been strengthened under the NEP 2020 with an emphasis on experiential learning and foundational literacy.
The SSA funding structure varies based on the category of states and Union territories. For general states and UTs with legislatures, 60% of the funding is covered by the Centre. Northeastern and Himalayan states receive 90% central funding. UTs without legislatures receive full funding, with 100% covered by the Centre.





Source link

INDIA

Sennheiser launches HD 505 wired headphones for gamers and audio enthusiasts in India

Published

on

Sennheiser launches HD 505 wired headphones for gamers and audio enthusiasts in India


Sennheiser launches HD 505 wired headphones for gamers and audio enthusiasts in India
| Photo Credit: Special Arrangement

Sennheiser on Tuesday (April 22, 2025) launched the HD 505 in India wired headphones with high-fidelity sound for emerging audio enthusiasts and gamers.

Available in Copper Edition, the HD 505 comes in a lightweight fit, synthetic leather headband, and metal mesh earcup covers. The headphone claims a weight of 237 grams.

Sennheiser HD 505 uses a custom 120-ohm transducer, with a frequency response from 12 to 38,500 Hz to produce punchy bass, rich mids, and fatigue-free treble.

The HD 505 comes with a detachable 1.8 metre cable with a 3.5mm plug and a 6.3mm adapter for compatibility with a wide range of devices.

(For top technology news of the day, subscribe to our tech newsletter Today’s Cache)

The Sennheiser HD 505 Copper Edition is available at ₹27,990 on Sennheiser’s official website and Amazon India.



Source link

Continue Reading

INDIA

IPL 2025: Can Misfiring SRH Overpower Resurgent Mumbai Indians?

Published

on

IPL 2025: Can Misfiring SRH Overpower Resurgent Mumbai Indians?



Hyderabad: The misfiring Sunrisers Hyderabad will hope for a happy homecoming when they take on a resurrected Mumbai Indians here on Wednesday, eyeing a much-needed victory to revive their campaign in the Indian Premier League.

With only two wins in seven outings, SRH are in a desperate situation. Their power-packed batting has let them down more often than not while their bowlers are not making any strong impression either.

That SRH are a one-dimensional side has been proven by the manner in which it has struggled on slow and turning pitches.

SRH batters thrive on flat wickets which produce high-scoring contests and having a favourable surface against MI would give the them the best chance to find some momentum.

Abhishek Sharma and Travis Head will have their task cut out against MI given SRH’s chances of winning hinge, to a large extent, on the left-handed opening pair. Their success in the powerplay defines the team’s fortunes in a contest.

Abhishek smacked a 55-ball 141 in his last outing here against Punjab Kings to record the highest individual total for any batter in this IPL.

There will be, however, some concerns around Head who hasn’t gone all guns blazing like he usually does and SRH will want their Australian star to be at the top of his game.

A defeat would put SRH in a tough situation.

For Mumbai Indians, it is a perfect opportunity to test their resurgence in an away game before they return home to face Lucknow Super Giants in Mumbai on Sunday.

Mumbai Indians have put their disappointing start to the IPL behind with three consecutive wins.

The five-time champions are coming off a massive nine-wicket hammering of Chennai Super Kings on a batting-friendly wicket on which they went over the line chasing a target near 180 with more than four overs to spare.

Rohit Sharma’s sensational 76 not out and Suryakumar Yadav’s 68 not out with all his trademark shots coming out fluently signalled the return to form of MI’s two batting pillars.

Tilak Varma did not get to bat against CSK but the left-hander has been in prime form, while Naman Dhir has shown signs of hitting his strides as a finisher alongside skipper Hardik Pandya.

Jasprit Bumrah hasn’t been at his menacing best when it comes to taking wickets but the ace India bowler has begun nailing his line and lengths perfectly.

This could be a warning sign for the SRH batters given MI tend to use Bumrah more strategically, with Trent Boult and Deepak Chahar sharing the new ball.

Head-to-head record:

Mumbai Indians boasts a good head-to-head record against Sunrisers Hyderabad. The team has won 14 out of their 24 matches.

In their last encounter in Mumbai on a tricky Wankhede pitch favored the hosts as MI registered a four-wicket win exposing SRH’s frailties in challenging conditions.

Winning Probability:

The pitch at the Ragiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium in Uppal is traditionally flat and a batting haven. The nature of the surface could have a bearing on the outcome with SRH’s two wins here coming on flat decks ensuring run-fests in their contests against Rajasthan Royals and Punjab Kings earlier. However, the Pat Cummins-led outfit has lost two home matches too.

A confident Mumbai, on the other hand, is improving by the day. With the addition of Bumrah and Rohit Sharma finding form, Hardik-led side would be walking into the game as favorites.

Teams (from):

Sunrisers Hyderabad: Pat Cummins (c), Ishan Kishan (wk), Atharva Taide, Abhinav Manohar, Aniket Verma, Sachin Baby, Smaran Ravichandran, Heinrich Klaasen (wk), Travis Head, Harshal Patel, Kamindu Mendis, Wiaan Mulder, Abhishek Sharma, Nitish Kumar Reddy, Mohammed Shami, Rahul Chahar, Simarjeet Singh, Zeeshan Ansari, Jaydev Unadkat, Eshan Malinga.

Mumbai Indians: Hardik Pandya (c), Rohit Sharma, Suryakumar Yadav, Robin Minz, Ryan Rickelton (wk), Shrijith Krishnan (wk), Bevon Jacobs, Tilak Varma, Naman Dhir, Will Jacks, Mitchell Santner, Raj Angad Bawa, Vignesh Puthur, Corbin Bosch, Trent Boult, Karn Sharma, Deepak Chahar, Ashwani Kumar, Reece Topley, VS Penmetsa, Arjun Tendulkar, Mujeeb Ur Rahman, Jasprit Bumrah.

Match starts at 7:30pm IST.



Source link

Continue Reading

INDIA

Bomb threat at Kerala High Court turns out hoax

Published

on

Bomb threat at Kerala High Court turns out hoax


An email threatening that a bomb has been planted in the Kerala High Court on Tuesday afternoon turned out to be a hoax. The court registrar received the threatening email, following which the Kochi City police were alerted. But a detailed examination of the court premises found nothing suspicious, the police said.



Source link

Continue Reading

Trending

Copyright © 2025 Republic Diary. All rights reserved.